The famous Helen Keller “Frost King“ archive.

Michael Anagnos’ father-in-law, Samuel Gridley Howe, was an American physician, abolitionist and advocate for the education of the blind (and husband of Julia Ward Howe, writer of the “battle hymn of the Republic“ during the Civil War). In 1829, he created the Perkins Institution, the first school for the blind, visually impaired and deafblind in the United States, intent on fostering education, literacy, and independence for people with various degrees of vision loss or impairment. Anognos became the Director upon Howe’s death.

In 1882, Anagnos published “Education For the Blind” and he devised a plan for a kindergarten to teach blind and deaf children. Alexander Graham Bell, a great proponent of the blind and deaf, brought a young Helen Keller to the attention of Anagnos who, around 1886, sent a former Perkins student, Ann Sullivan, to teach Helen Keller. So began a lifelong friendship between Keller and Sullivan.

Anognos, Keller and Sullivan maintained a close relationship thereafter, with Keller frequently writing to Anagnos. Through Anagnos, the queen of Greece learned about Helen Keller’s story. Her interest was so intense, the queen kept several of the nine year-old girl’s letters, and Helen became highly regarded in the Queen‘s court. Many US newspapers circulated the story about Helen Keller’s popularity within the royal court, which catapulted her legacy.

a 10-year-old, Helen Keller wrote A lovely short story, entitled “ The Frost King” and sent it to Anagnos as a birthday present. He published the story in The Mentor, the Perkins alumni magazine, in January 1882.

A great controversy erupted when one of the Perkins teachers alleged that Keller’s story, the Frost King, was plagiarized from a prior story, “Frost Fairies“ by Margaret Canby, in her book “Birdie And His Fairy Tales.”

Keller was accused of fraud. She insisted she had no memory of having read the book or having it read to her. An incredible investigation ensued. Keller said she was devastated that people she loved and trusted would accuse her of lying. Anagnos initially supported Keller. Even Canby came forward to say that Keller’s version was superior to her own. However, Anagnos never regained faith in Sullivan or Keller and described them years later as “a living lie“. Keller had a nervous breakdown over the incident and never wrote fiction again.

This incident was so pivotal in Helen Keller‘s life that she devoted a good portion of her 1903 biography, The Story Of My Life, to this incident. In her autobiography, Keller provides a complete analysis of both stories and the incident. Mark Twain, after reading about this incident, from a copy of the biography Helen had given him, was inspired to write his famous “St. Patrick’s Day 1903” letter to her in which he described the controversy as “owlishly idiotic, and grotesque“.

Offered here is the original braille transcript of The Frost King typed in Helen Keller‘s own hand and sent to Anagnos by Keller which reads:

The Frost King

“King Frost lives in a beautiful palace far to the north, in the land of perpetual snow. The palace, which is magnificent beyond description, was built centuries ago, in the reign of king glacier. At a little distance from the palace, we might easily mistake it for a mountain, whose peaks were mounting heavenward to receive the last kiss of the departing day. But near approach, we should discover our error. What we had supposed to be peaks were in reality 1000 glittering spires. Nothing could be more beautiful than the architecture of this ice palace. The walls are curiously constructed of massive blocks of ice, which terminate in cliff like towers. The entrance to the palace is at the end of an arched recess, and it is guarded night and day by 12 soldierly looking white bears.

But, children, you must make King Frost a visit the very first opportunity you have, and see for yourselves this wonderful palace. The old king will welcome you kindly, for he loves children, and it is his chief delight to give them pleasure.

You must know that King Frost, like all other kings, has great treasures of gold and precious stones; but as he is a generous old monarch, he endeavors to make a right use of his riches. So wherever he goes, he does many wonderful works; he builds bridges over every stream, as transparent as glass, but often as strong as iron; he shakes the forest trees until the ripe nuts fall into the laps of laughing children; he puts the flowers to sleep with one touch of his hand; then, lest we should mourn for the bright faces of the flowers, he paints the leaves with gold and crimson and emerald, and when his task is done, the trees are beautiful enough to comfort us for the flight of summer. I will tell you how King Frost happened to think of painting the leaves, for it is a strange story.

One day, well, King Frost was surveying his vast wealth and thinking, what could he could do with it, he suddenly thought of his jolly old neighbor, Santa Claus. “I will send my treasures to Santa Claus” said the king to himself. “He is the very man to dispose of them satisfactory, for he knows where the poor and the unhappy live, and his kind old heart is always full of benevolent plans for their relief.” So he called together the merry little fairies of his household and, showing them the jars and vases containing his treasures, he paid them carry them to the palace of Santa Claus as quickly as they could. The fairies promised obedience, and we’re off in a twinkling, dragging the heavy jars and vases along after them as well as they could, and then grumbling a little at having such a hard task, for they were idol fairies, and loved to play together, than to work. After a while, they came to a great forest and, being tired and hungry, they thought they would rest a little and look for nuts before continuing their journey. But thinking their treasure might be stolen from them, they hid the jars among the thick green leaves of the various trees until they were sure that no one could find them. Then they began to wander merrily about searching for nuts, climbing trees, peeping curiously into the empty birds’ nests, and playing hide and seek from behind the trees. Now, these naughty fairies were so busy and so merry over there frolic that they forgot all about their errand and their master’s command to go quickly, but soon they found to their dismay why they had been bidden to hasten, for although they had, as they supposed, hidden the treasure carefully, yet the bright eyes of King Sun had spied out the jars among the leaves, and as he and King Frost could never agree as to what was the best way of benefiting the world, he was very glad of a good opportunity of playing a joke upon his rather sharp rival. King Sun laughed softly to himself when the delicate jars began to melt and break. At length, every jar and vase was cracked or broken, and the precious stones they contained were melting, too, and running in little streams over the trees and bushes of the forest.

Still, the idle fairies did not notice what was happening, for they were down on the grass, and the wonderful shower of treasure was a long time in reaching them; but at last they plainly heard the tinkling of many drops falling like rain through the forest, and sliding from leaf to leaf, until they reached the little bushes by their side, when, to their astonishment, they discovered that the raindrops were melted rubies, which hardened on the leaves, and turned them to crimson and gold in a moment. Then, looking around more closely, they saw that much of the treasure was already melted, for the oaks and maples were arrayed in gorgeous dresses of gold and crimson and emerald. It was very beautiful, but the disobedient fairies were too frightened to notice the beauty of the trees. They were afraid that King Frost would come and punish them. So they hid themselves among the bushes and waited silently for something to happen. Their fears were well-founded, for their long absence had armed the king, and he mounted north wind and went out in search of his tardy couriers. Of course, he had not gone far when he noticed the brightness of the leaves, and he quickly guessed the cause, when he saw the broken jars from which the treasure was still dropping. At first, King Frost was very angry, and the fairies trembled and crouched under their hiding places, and I do not know what might have happened to them if just then, a party of boys and girls had not entered the wood. When the children saw the trees all aglow with brilliant colors, they clapped their hands and shouted for joy, and immediately began to pick great bunches to take home. “The leaves are as lovely as the flowers!” Cried they, in their delight. Their pleasure banished the anger from King Frost’s heart, and the frown from his brow, and he, too, began to admire the painted trees. He said to himself, “My treasures are not wasted if they make little children happy. My idol fairies and my fiery enemy have taught me a new way of doing good.”

When the fairies heard this, they were greatly relieved, and came forth from their hiding places, confessed their fault, and asked their master’s forgiveness.

Ever since that time, it has been King Frost’s  great delight to paint the leaves with the glowing colors we see in the autumn, and if they are not covered with gold and precious stones, I cannot imagine what makes them so bright, can you?

Helen Keller”

In The Story Of My Life, Helen Keller wrote, “Someone wrote to Mr. Anagnos, that the story which I sent him as a birthday gift, and which I wrote myself, was not my story at all, but that a lady had written it along time ago.“ She wrote, “My heart was full of tears, for I love the beautiful truth with my whole heart and mind. It troubles me greatly now. I do not know what I shall do. I never thought that people could make such mistakes. I am perfectly sure I wrote the story myself. Mr. Anagnos is much troubled. It grieves me to think that I have been the cause of his unhappiness, but of course I did not mean to do it. I thought about my story in autumn, because teacher told me about the autumn leaves while we walked in the woods at Fern Quarry. God must have painted them because they were so wonderful, and I thought, too, that King Frost must have jars and vases containing precious treasures, because I knew that other kings long ago had, and because teacher told me that the leaves were painted ruby, emerald, gold, crimson, and brown; so that I thought the paint must be melted stones. I knew that they must make children happy because they are so lovely, and it made me very happy to think that the leaves were so beautiful and that the trees glowed so, although I could not see them.“

The entire incident marked the most tumultuous time in Helen Keller‘s life and became a pivotal time for her. It resulted in Helen devoting an entire chapter of her life story to this incident.

Also included in this incredible archive are:

1. A wonderful ALS from Keller to “Machere Monsieur Anagnos “dated August 14, three pages, which reads “Teacher has just read me your letter, and I am very sorry that you are ill. I hope you will take some medicine to make you well very quickly. I am having a delightful time here. We go in bathing almost every day, and I love to splash, and jump and wade in the deep water. Sometimes we go to walk in the bright sun and gather the sweet wildflowers and the ripe berries. My teacher tells me how the little birds hop about and sing joyously, because they are very happy and good. The wasps and hornets and the bumble-bees and the small birds were not very wrong to eat all my father’s grapes because they were hungry and liked the juicy fruit to eat. I do study French now. I shall go to France someday and then I will talk french to many people. They will say, ‘Parle Vous, Francais.’ And I will say, ‘Oui, Monsieur.’ I will learn to talk Latin too and someday you will teach me Greek. I do want to learn much about everything. My darling little sister is much better now. She is on Monte Sano with my mother. The breezes are very fresh and cool upon the high mountains. The sun has been very hot in Tuscumbia. I am going to Hot Springs soon to visit my uncle James. He will give me a very gentle pony and a little cart. Will you ride with me?

With much love and many kisses, Helen A Keller.”

2. ALS to “Machere Monsieur Anagnos “(no date) two pages,“ I have just gathered a pretty bouquet of wildflowers for you. The Golden Rod means that I shall see you very soon because it blooms in August and I shall go to Boston in September. Dr. Davis was here this morning because grandma was very sick in the night. The sun is hot in Brewster today. Teacher thinks I am too warm to write more now. From your dear child. Helen.

3. ALS from Keller to Anagnos [no date) “I am going to Hot Springs next April and I hope Dr. Champlain will be there then. He is going to give me a fine St. Bernard dog. He lives in a great city of Chicago and he loves little Helen. J’ai un joli chien il est fideleet bon. Ma petite soeur a tune belle nouvelle rabe. Ma mere a de belle Fleurs dans le jardin jevous aims et Madame Kehayia aussi. Are you very glad that I have learned many French words? I wish Mr. Rodocanachi would please write me a long letter because I do not want him to forget me. I have been reading about some most beautiful diamonds in the book you gave me. Teacher says your dear wife wrote all about them for the little blind girls because she loved all the little blind children very dearly. Where is Mrs. Anagnos now? My mother says to tell you to come and make us a long visit and we will nurse you very carefully and love you too. My little sister will hug very prettily and if my pony comes, we will have a ride. With much love and a hundred kisses, from your petite amie . Helen Keller“

4. TLS three pages Tuscumbia, Alabama, May 20 1894, “My dear, Mr. Anagnos , I received the enclosed check while on a little visit to my uncle in Hot Springs, and, as I did not have a writing board with me, I could not endorse it until I returned to Tuscumbia. My absence from home, therefore, explains why it has not been forwarded to you before this. The letter which accompanied the check, and which teacher sent to Miss Lane, will, I think, give you all the information you may desire regarding it.

I have also in my keeping about $50, which my friends in Huntsville raised for Tommy; but when presenting it to me, they said I could send it to him or use it for any other project I pleased. Of course, my first thought was that Tommy should have the money; but just as I was about to send it to you, I heard of another dear little afflicted child, who seems sadly in need of assistance. He lives in Huntsville, and his mother brought him to see me one afternoon. His pitiable condition touched me deeply, and I long to help him in some way. He is blind and dumb, and has no use of his hands or of any part of his body. His mother carries him in her arms like a little baby, and she is compelled to anticipate his wants as she would those of a mere infant. Teacher said she feared the dear little fellow was feeble minded. Of course we did not tell his poor mother our fears, as it would have distressed her so terribly. However, we suggested to Mrs. Bradley that it would be well to take little Robert to see a good physician who could advise her what to do for the child, and find out just what was wrong with him. I told her she could take the money which my friends had given me to pay their expenses to Atlanta, Georgia, where they say there is a specialist in such diseases. She seemed very unwilling to accept it at first, saying she could pay their traveling expenses herself; but she said if the doctor should prescribe treatment for her little boy, the money would be a great help to her. She cannot go to Atlanta until June, and I shall keep it until I hear what the doctor says. Should he decide that the little child cannot be benefited by his skill, then I will send the money for Tommy.

We had a very delightful time at Hot Springs with my dear uncle, Dr. Keller. Besides meeting many kind friends, we drove every day around the pleasant town which is mostly situated in a gorge of the Ozark mountains, or through the beautiful woods with their lovely wildflowers and many romantic little streams, which came singing down from the mountain sides, filling the air with the pleasant sound of falling waters. Hot Springs derives its name from some remarkable boiling springs which are found there. It is said that the water has great curative properties, and people come from all parts of the country to it: so one meets a great many invalids and sick people in Hot Springs. Naturally, the bath houses are very numerous there, and some of them are magnificent, reminding one of Pompeii and Rome.

From Hot Springs, we went to Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas, which is sometimes called the “City of Roses” and certainly it deserves that pretty name; for the beautiful queen of flowers holds splendid court there. Everyone who came to see me, brought great bouquets of roses, and little children came every day with their hands full of them until I was nearly buried in roses. While there, we visited the institutions for the deaf and blind, and we were very kindly received and entertained by the teachers and pupils of each school. But we were very glad when we at last turned our faces homeward; we were almost worn out with the constant excitement and fatigue of meeting so many strangers. “Home, sweet home” there is no place in the world as pleasant and sweet as home.

At present much of our time is being given to thoughts of going to Chautauqua this summer, and what we shall do and see there. I wish you could be there! I hear the lake is beautiful, and of course, there will be many pleasant people there whom I am sure you would like to know. Please do try to arrange your work so that you can be in Chautauqua . It would give me so much pleasure to see you, and give you the kisses which I have been saving for you these many days. Teacher and mother send you their kindest regards. Father is absorbed in politics and his garden. Phillip is well, and delights in all pranks. Mildred‘s school closed last week; but I do not think she is especially happy about it. She seems very fond of her studies, and has made good progress in them. Please give my love to my institution friends, and believe me, as ever, your loving playmate. Hellen Keller.

5.TLS. Three pages. Tuscumbia, Alabama, October 17, 1892.“My dear, Mr. Anagnos, I begin to fear you are not going to write to me anymore: it has been such a long time since we have heard from you. I thought I should have had an answer to my poor little letter long ago, but the weeks have grown to months; I have spent the summer at Fern Quarry: and now I’m home again in Tuscumbia, wondering what has become of my dearest friend; and how the time has passed in the beautiful city of kind hearts. I thought of you very often during the summer; but I must confess I did not feel much like writing letters. I was not quite as well as usual, and I suppose that is why I sometimes felt unhappy. But now the sad days are flown. Father time has made them prisoners, and carried them away, I know not where. I only know that these autumn days are bright and beautiful. I enjoyed the last few days of our stay on the mountain more than all the rest. Teacher and I discovered a charming wild spot in the woods that seemed formed for a poets dwelling place; teacher described their loveliness, I felt, but could not see, and fancy, the playful little daughter of imagination, would take teachers words, and weave for me, visions of beauty, changeful, and wild. How lovely it all was! The great trees, making a bright canopy overhead, the golden sunbeams softly kissing the tremulous leaves, the jagged rocks on which we sat, covered with velvety moss, the musical murmur of a little cascade that leaped  gaily from rock to rock, the hills wrapped in purple haze and standing like sentinels against the glowing sky, and the September air, cooled and made exquisitely pure by falling dew, and laden with the perfume of wild grapes and persimmons. I can not tell you in words all the beauty that I felt in that lovely glen. But you are a Greek, and I know your imagination will complete the picture for you. I wish you could see Little Phillips. he is plump and rosy now, and his big blue eyes are filled with wonder at everything. He can walk and say some words, and his pretty, childish ways make us all glad. Mildred is a beautiful and happy little child. She says she would like to go to Boston and live with you. Mother is very well. Her autumn roses are lovely. She says they are lovelier than they are in spring. Saturday I sent Mrs. Harrison a box of the choicest ones I could find. The dear lady is very ill, you know, and I thought the roses would tell her in voices soft and low of love and tender sympathy of her little unknown friend. The thought that Whittier and Tennyson will never make more music upon earth fills my heart with sorrow. Every thought of them is sweet and dear. I have felt the beauty and music of their poems steel into my heart like the fragrance of a morning in spring. Cousin George and cousin Anna are visiting us from Huntsville. Cousin Anna wished me to tell you that Huntsville is a beautiful city, and that, you must be sure to visit it when you come south. You promised to send me The Last Days of Pompeii; but I suppose you have forgotten all about it. I have read my books over and over until I almost know them by heart, I am still reading the history of Greece. Greece! that name wakes within me visions of sunshine, of magnificent ruins; splendors that have been buried for ages. I begin to fear that I shall not be able to visit Athens when I am 13; but I shall sometime. I cannot think that I shall forever be disappointed. My beautiful dream shall be realized some day. You will be very sorry to hear that I cannot come to Boston this winter. But this cloud, like all clouds, has its bright side. When the first snow falls in your colder climate, you can still think of me as surrounded by flowers and the light and warmth of the sunshine. Mother and teacher send their love to you and Eumer looks very wise when I ask him if he has any message to send. Please give my love to Mrs. Hopkins, Miss Lane, and the rest of my friends, and believe me as ever,“ and handwritten by Keller, “you’re loving playmate, Helen Keller.

6. TLS Tuscumbia, December 19. “My dearest, Mr. Anagnos , I think teacher wrote you that I would write and ask you to come and spend Christmas with us. I did intend to write the very next day; but, sad to tell, I was not well enough to write the invitation. They made me stay in bed nearly all day, and I have not done much of anything since; but I am better today, and tomorrow I shall be well again, I hope.

Please do come. We all want to see you so much, even Eumer wags his tail enthusiastically when I tell him my dearest friend may be here in a few days. Of course, you know that a loving welcome awaits you, and more kisses than you can count in a long time. But if you cannot come, I shall think of you all the same, and wish you a happy, happy Christmas, and a bright new year.

Your loving little playmate, (hand signed) Helen Keller

7. TLS. Halton, Pennsylvania, December 23, 1893. One page plus a partial page. “My dear Mr. Anagnos, Merry, merry Christmas to you. I wish I could give you a sweet Christmas kiss, and show you all the pretty little things which dear old Santa Claus is sure to bring me on Monday; but as that is impossible, I will write you a note, and send you my sun-printed image, and my love. I have nothing else to send you that you would care at all for; but I know, dear friend, that you will accept my little gift because you love the giver.

The approach of the glad Christmas tide fills our hearts with joy and tender love for every one. How glad we would be if we could only help everyone to have a happy Christmas. It almost seems as if it were wrong to be so glad and happy when we know there are so many hearts that will not feel a ray of the Christmas sunshine, which brings us such sweet joy; but if we were to let their unhappiness banish the Christmas brightness from our hearts, their’s would not be happier. So it must be right to be merry as we can, while looking forward, hopefully, to the beautiful time when Christmas shall bring happiness to every one.

My teacher sends you her love, and joins me and wishing you every every good wish. May fair, sweet thoughts, and happy hours attend you, my dear friend, every day through all the new year“ Keller has written in her hand “ lovingly by your playmate, Helen Keller“

8. TLS one page both sides. Tuscumbia, Alabama, July 13, 1892 “Dear Mr. Anagnos, I sit down to write to you at last! For more than a week, it has been “cold and dark and dreary” in Tuscumbia, and I must confess the continuous rain and dismalness of the weather made us feel as if another flood was coming, and we were beginning to look around for an Ark when the “source of all glory“ uncovered his face. Sunday was a bright, beautiful, cool day, and we would have liked to take a ride in my little pony-cart, but the condition of the roads was such that a boat and sail would have answered our purpose much better than a pony and cart. We had intended going to the mountain before this, but the rain and Little Phillips’ illness kept us here. My brother, James is also quite sick. Teacher says, if she had known how much sickness there was here, we would not have come home until autumn. But for all that, I was very glad indeed to get home once more. Really there is no place in the worldso dear as home, sweet home. Mildred is a dear little sister, and we have happy times together. She is anxious to go to school and she is making all her plans to go to Boston next winter. Has teacher told you that I have another beautiful mastiff? His name is Eumer. A queer name, is it not? I suppose it is Saxon. We find he has been very well trained. He will charge exactly where we tell him to, and when we ask him if he wants to go with us, he rubs his huge head against us and jumps about in a very lively manner. He begs for his food by giving his paw in a pleading fashion, everyone is afraid of Eumer, although he seems very gentle and affectionate. I had a very pleasant visit at Hulton. Everything was fresh and beautiful in the country, and we stayed out of doors all day. We even ate our breakfast on the porch. Sometimes we sat together in the hammock under the trees, and teacher read to me. I wrote horseback nearly every evening, and once I rode 5 miles at a rapid gallop. Oh, it was such fun! You will not be surprised to hear that I was delighted to have my books once more. I have been reading the history of your own dear, beautiful country since my return, and it fills me with wonder and admiration. I can easily believe that, of all ancient peoples, the Greeks were the greatest. “they took the snowy marble and made it live, filled it with heavenly grace, charged every limb with mysterious force, and did everything, but make the marble talk.“ It was very kind of you to remember my birthday, and I thank you very much for the beautiful pin which you sent me. I had another gift which especially pleased me. It was a lovely white cape, crocheted, for me, by an old gentleman, 75 years of age. He wrote me a kind letter, saying that every stitch represented a loving wish for my health and happiness. I enclose a check for $26 which was sent me by four little girls, who live in Walla Walla, Washington, to help educate Tommy. I have acknowledged the receipt of the money and written a note to Saint Nicholas about it. The other check is for $60, and includes the fifty which Mrs. Thaw gave me for the kindergarten, and the ten which Miss Lane sent for my signature. Mother, and father send you their love and Mildred a kiss. With much love, from your affectionate friend,” (and handwritten) “Helen Keller”

9. Letter typed by Keller in braille with translation written in unknown hand. Tuscanbia Alabama, March 25, 1886. Eight pages. Keller writes of her teacher, Ann Sullivan. All about the spring flowers and fruit trees and birds. Includes details about her tour of a farm and visit to a cotton mill. Also, details about her visit to the circus and descriptions of all the animals.

10. Typed Letter from Keller, unsigned. Hulton, Pennsylvania. February 4, 1894. Written to “ Meus Carus Dominus Anagnos” entirely in Latin.

11. ALS from Anne Sullivan to Anagnos (three pages) Halton, Pennsylvania, February 5 1894. “ Now, do you deserve that we should send you any letters, any sympathy, any love, anything, this dear, provoking incomprehensible me? I think not; but if everyone had his desserts, which of us should escape whipping? And besides, I see not what virtue remains possible for me, unless it be the passive ones of patience and forgiveness; for which, thank Heaven, there is always some little need in this otherwise tangled world. Indeed, dear friend, I was exceedingly sorry to hear, a few days ago, that you had been sick. You see, I do not want you to suffer, physically, for those proving ways of yours, and I know of your being confined to your room by illness, gives me no wicked satisfaction, but makes me quite unhappy. I wonder how you are today, and if you will be annoyed or glad to hear from your children. The enclosed letter from Helen is her first attempt at putting her own thoughts into Latin. Her affection for you is as sweet and tender as it has ever been, and you must pardon me if I give you pain, when I tell you that, you’re very evident neglect of her has grieved her loving heart not a little. Of course, I know your feelings toward her have not changed. You have felt annoyed with her teacher, most reasonably, I acknowledge, and so you have found it rather difficult to write to Helen. But surely, in your innermost heart, which I believe to be one of the kindest in the world, you know that it is not just to make your sweet friend unhappy of my faults, many and glaring though they may be. Confess that you have been the tiniest bit wrong in this little matter and turn the Sunshine of your smile upon your children. I pray, you, and she meantime, believe this.
Always affectionately yours, Ann Sullivan”

Ten separate postcards dated 1883 through 1889 to Anagnos as President of the Perkins Institution For the Blind. All from Maurice de la Sizeranne of the Le Valentin Hauy and Le Louis Braille periodicals in Paris France. Untranslated. Sizeranne created the above two periodicals along with a French spelling primer for braille during the time of these postcards. He became famous throughout the world for his work on behalf of the visually impaired. Today, rue de la Sizeranne in Paris is named after him.

Two ALSs to Anganos from famed Austrian philosopher, Wilhelm Jerusalem in Vienna, thanking Anganos for assistance in publishing his treatises, and inquiring about Helen Keller. Jerusalem published papers about the deaf/blind and, in 1890, he published a psychological study about Laura Bridgeman. He is regarded as the discoverer of the literary talent of Helen Keller. From scientific work about the deaf/blind, he developed the Austrian direction of the philosophical method of “Pragmatism”.

TLS on Institution for the Blind Amsterdam letterhead from J.H. Meijer to Anagnos thanking him for his help.

ALS from Professor Elgard Guilbeau to Anganos , Paris, February 22, 1887, in French. Two pages. Untranslated. in 1886, Guilbeau established Musee Valentin Hauy (named after the founder of the first school of the blind), a private museum, dedicated to tools and education of the blind. The museum operates to this day and contains objects, equipment and books from 1771 to the present that document the history, tools and education for the visually impaired.

Gorgeous 8 x 10 sepia photograph of Helen Keller facing a grandfather clock and touching its hands to tell time. Inscribed, “Sincerely your friend, Helen, Keller, May or 1918.”